TourTourCalculator for Torsion springs
 
 Diameter of spring wire d   10-3 m
 Mean coil diameter D   10-3 m
 Spring length r   10-3 m
 Number of active coils n   -
 Modulus of elasticity E   109 Pa
 Spring force F   N
 
 Spring length Lc = n d   10-3 m
 Bending stress σ   106 Pa
 Spring deflection dφ   deg
 Spring deflection dφ   rad
 Spring deflection df = r dφ   10-3 m
 Spring stiffness k = F / dφ   103 N/deg
 Spring stiffness k = F / dφ   103 N/rad
 Spring stiffness k = F / (r dφ)   103 N/m
 Energy stored Ep = F r dφ / 2   J
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